%%==========================================================================
%% Automatica (Elsevier) LaTeX Template -- Adjusted Version
%%
%% This template has been adjusted by Mohamad H. Kazma from the original
%% Elsevier `elsarticle` template (https://www.elsevier.com/authors/policies-and-guidelines/latex-instructions)
%% and tailored for submissions to Automatica.
%%
%% It bundles two preamble files:
%%   - preamble_eslvier.tex : package loading and Elsevier-specific setup
%%   - preamble_els_mkazma.tex : custom macros, theorem environments,
%%                               math shortcuts, and formatting helpers
%%
%% Example paper produced with this exact template (used as a reference layout):
%%   "Connections Between Determinantal Point Processes and Gramians in Control"
%%   arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08913
%%
%% Replace the placeholder title, authors, abstract, keywords, and section
%% content below with your own. The macro shortcuts used here (e.g. \m{}, \mc{},
%% \Rn{}, \secref, \theoref, \probref, \coref, \introstart, \parstartc,
%% \titlesc, \logdett, \logdet, \mydef, \theorem, \corollary, \problem) are
%% defined inside preamble_els_mkazma.tex.
%%==========================================================================

%% --- Document class options for Elsevier elsarticle ----------------------
%% Common alternatives (uncomment one):
%% \documentclass[authoryear,preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle} % double-spaced review
%% \documentclass[preprint,12pt]{elsarticle}                   % single-column preprint
%% \documentclass[final,1p,times]{elsarticle}                  % single column
%% \documentclass[final,3p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}        % 3p two column
\documentclass[final,5p,times,fleqn,twocolumn,numbers]{elsarticle}

\input{preamble_eslvier.tex}
\input{preamble_els_mkazma.tex}

%% Reviewer comment colors (optional)
\def\commentt{\textcolor{blue}}
\def\comment{\textcolor{red}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\journal{Automatica}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{document}

\newdimen\origiwspc%
\newdimen\origiwstr%
\origiwspc=\fontdimen2\font
\origiwstr=\fontdimen3\font

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frontmatter}

%% The \tnoteref{t1} below anchors the title note defined by \tnotetext[t1].
%% Without this reference, elsarticle prints the note as an unanchored
%% footnote that can float to the middle of the column. If you do not need a
%% title note, delete both \tnoteref{t1} here and the \tnotetext[t1] line.
\titlesc{Your Paper Title Goes Here\tnoteref{t1}}

\affiliation[1]{organization={Your Department, Your University},
	addressline={Street Address},
	city={City},
	postcode={00000},
	state={ST},
	country={Country}}

\author[1]{First A. Author\corref{cor1}}
\ead{first.author@example.edu}

\author[1]{Second B. Author}
\ead{second.author@example.edu}

\cortext[cor1]{\scriptsize Corresponding author.}

\tnotetext[t1]{Optional funding acknowledgement.}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{abstract}
Write your abstract here. Briefly state the problem, your approach, the main
theoretical and/or numerical contributions, and the broader significance of
the results.
\end{abstract}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{keyword}
	keyword one \sep keyword two \sep keyword three \vspace{-0.3cm}
\end{keyword}
\end{frontmatter}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\section{Introduction and Contributions}\label{sec:Intro}
\introstart{T}{his} is the introduction. The \texttt{\textbackslash introstart}
macro produces a drop-cap opening to the first paragraph; replace the bracketed
letter with the first letter of your opening word. Cite references with the
standard command, e.g.~\cite{KazmaTaha2026DPP}, which resolves against the
bundled \texttt{references.bib} file.

\parstartc{Contributions} Describe the paper contributions in a bulleted list.
\begin{itemize}[leftmargin=*]
	\item First contribution.\vspace{-0.3cm}
	\item Second contribution.\vspace{-0.3cm}
	\item Third contribution.\vspace{-0.2cm}
\end{itemize}

\parstartc{Notation} Define notation used throughout the paper here. For
example, $\Rn{n}$ denotes the set of real-valued column vectors of size $n$,
and $\m{A}$ denotes a matrix.

\parstartc{Organization} The paper is organized as follows.
\secref{sec:prelim} presents the preliminaries.
\secref{sec:main} states the main results.
\secref{sec:case} reports numerical case studies.
\secref{sec:conclusion} concludes.

\section{Preliminaries and Problem Formulation}\label{sec:prelim}
State definitions, assumptions, and the formal problem statement here.

\begin{mydef}[\textit{A definition}]\label{def:example}
	A formal definition goes here.
\end{mydef}

\begin{problem}[A problem]\label{prob:example}
	Formally state the problem to be solved.
\end{problem}

\section{Main Results}\label{sec:main}
Present the main theoretical results.

\begin{theorem}\label{thm:example}
	State the theorem here.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
	Provide the proof.
\end{proof}

\begin{mycor}\label{cor:example}
	State a corollary here.
\end{mycor}

\section{Numerical Case Studies}\label{sec:case}
Describe the case studies and numerical validation.

%% Example figure inclusion
% \begin{figure}[t]
% 	\centering
% 	\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{your_figure}
% 	\caption{Figure caption.}
% 	\label{fig:example}
% \end{figure}

\section{Concluding Remarks}\label{sec:conclusion}
Summarize the contributions and outline future work.

\balance
\bibliographystyle{elsarticle-num}
\bibliography{references}

\end{document}
